Making Sense Out of the World

Blogging about things that make sense

Archive for October, 2008

Oct 31, 2008

What you can do to improve your blog

The following is a list things you should try doing with your web pages. These are general “do’s” for the major search engines.

Creating Doorway Pages

Doorway pages are designed to optimize and get a high ranking on search engines for specific keyword(s) and/or keyword phrases(s). They utilize all the “tricks” and they are meant for search engines, not for humans. That’s why these pages will act as “doorways” to the real Web page on your site containing content specific for that keyword, product or service.

Title Of Your Page

The title of your Web page is probably the most important information needed to achieve top ranking on all search engines and directories. Make sure you utilize your <TITLE> tags by inserting them right after your <HEAD> tag and before your <META> tags.

<HEAD>
<TITLE>Your title goes here. Make sure it contains keywords.</TITLE>
</HEAD>

Insert META Tags

Make sure you have META description and META keyword tags on all your Web pages. META tags provide information for search engine’s spiders/robots with the description of your site and the keywords relevant to that page.

If you don’t have these tags, then some of the search engine robots will simply choose the first 25 words on your page as the description (some won’t even do that!). Make sure your META tags are in your <HEAD> tags, right after your <TITLE> tag, like this:

<HEAD>
<TITLE>eBooksone Online marketing library.</TITLE>
<META name=”description
” content=”Describe your site here. Throw in one or two keywords.>
<
META name=”keywords” content=”List your keywords here, separated by commas and repeat them 1-3 times only.>
</HEAD>

Use <H1>Header</H6> Tags

Make sure you insert keywords in your <H1> through <H6> header tags. Most search engines assign higher relevancy points to words inside header tags, so take advantage of it. Remember, <H1> gets more relevancy points than <H6>.

Keep Keywords At The Top

Most search engines look at the first 100-150 words on a page when indexing. So make sure you insert your most important keywords at the top of your page, the first 25 words being the most important!

URL Keywords

Try to insert keywords in your URL. For example:

www.yourcompany.com/keyword1/keyword2/keyword3.html

Keyword Links

Hyperlink keywords within your page… preferable to URL keywords. For example:

<A href=”http://www.yourcompany.com/keyword.htm”>Keyword1 and Keyword2 are linked.</A>

Use ALT Tags

ALT tags are used to describe images on a page for people who browse the web with their graphics turned off. But, you can take advantage of these tags by inserting your keywords in them. For example:

<IMG src=”picture.gif” ALT=”keywords go here, repeated 1-3 times only.>

Use <!– Comment –> Tags

Comment tags are HTML code that webmasters make to themselves, when designing Web pages. They can only be seen in your source HTML codes and NOT on your Web page. But, you can take advantage of this by inserting some keywords in your comment tags and make sure you keep them at the top of your page for best results.

<HEAD>
<TITLE>Page Title.</TITLE>
<META name=”description” content=”Describe your site here. Throw in one or two keywords.”>
<META name=”keywords” content=”List your keywords here, separated by commas and repeat them 1-3 times only.”>
</HEAD>

<!– comment tags go here with keywords repeated 1-3 times only –>

Submit Maximum Of Ten A Day

When submitting your pages to the search engines, submit no more than 10 pages a day (I prefer 5 only). Make sure you submit your most important pages first and never submit the same page twice within a 24-hour period!

Submit Often

There are thousands of new Web sites added daily to the search engines. Due to this huge influx of sites, your ranking will drop dramatically and sometimes your site will disappear all together! Because of this, I’d suggest you re-submit your Web pages about once a month.

Again, submit no more that 5-10 pages a day and only re-submit your most important pages (doorway pages are a must).

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 28, 2008

Lightning From the Heavens

If you been watching the weather lately, you probably seen the bad weather in the midwest right now. So many bad storms that have been in the Texas and Oklahoma Areas. I hope everyone there is safe, and can get through this bad weather. We are just getting into the tornado season, so hopefully we can get through the weather changes with very few storms.

Here is a video, that someone got a great ligtning strike on. You can see just how scary it is when a bolt of ligtning comes out of the sky and strikes something.

YouTube Preview Image

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 24, 2008

Video Games Worldwide

I think some of the neatest games online is the ones you can share with people that might be in another state or even another country. It’s really cool to see how some of these games let players interact with each other from all over the world. Who ever was the first one to think of this, really did hit the nail on the head. It has been popular right from the start and its only gaining as new gamers come online and discover how they too can play with friends, co workers and strangers that might be located thousands and thousands of miles away.

Do you currently play an online computer game where you get to interact with people all over the world? If you do, please be sure to let me know what the game is. Also, give me an idea on how much it might cost and if there is any monthly fees or extra charges I have to pay, so I can interact with other people on the computer. I know I have a surfing team online and we have members on our team from all over the world. It’s pretty cool how we all strive for the same thing and try to earn as many advertising credits as possible, so we can promote our online interests. I have really learned a lot since January on how other cultures think, talk and some types of food they eat. I have certainly been learning more about the world I live in and it’s because of the internet and the ability it has to let me speak to people from all over the world. So if you have a game that allows you to chat with others from around the globe, be sure to let me know what game this is too. You may also feel free to share any stories you may have about meeting another person online that lives many miles away from you and some of the things your new online friend has taught you. I look forward to reading your replies and perhaps I can get one of these video games that allow me to interact with people from all over the world.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 23, 2008

Choose your keywords wisely

Choosing the right keywords will be the determining factor in your search engine promotion listing/ranking. Pick the right ones and you’ll be laughing all the way to the bank. Choose the wrong ones and you’ll be crying all the way home (after closing your bank account).

Brainstorming For The Right Keywords

The first thing you want to do is sit down with a pen and paper and write down every single word that may be related to your product, service or business. Don’t take this lightly or brush it off. Your search engine ranking is dependant on your keywords!

Let’s stick with our car Web site example and come up with a few key words. How about:

  • cars
  • automobiles
  • vans
  • trucks
  • Sports Utility Vehicles

The above keywords describe the products of your business, but they are a bit general. Let’s get specific and list some car manufacturers like:

  • Nissan
  • Toyota
  • General Motors
  • Lexus
  • BMW
  • Porsche

I’m sure you can list a few more manufacturers, but I think you get the point. Now, let’s take it a step further and get real specific by listing the model types:

  • Altima
  • Camry
  • Corvette
  • SC400
  • 4Runner
  • Boxster

So far you’ve got a fairly good list, but you need to go beyond that and use your imagination. What will your customers be looking for? What other words are related to cars?

Well, you can also list accessories like:

  • turbo
  • leather seats
  • head lights
  • steering wheel
  • …and other related items

“What if I don’t sell those items?”

That’s a good question. Let’s say someone comes to your site looking for something that has to do with cars, but you don’t carry that specific product. The worse case scenario is that the customer leaves your site. Best case scenario is that the potential customer sees something else he likes and buys from you and/or he may refer your site to someone else.

Don’t limit yourself or your business by thinking, “What do I sell?” You must open up your mind and ask yourself, “What might my customers be looking for?”

Phrases

I don’t know about you, but when I’m searching for something on the Net, I usually type in a phrase rather than just one word. Statistically, more people narrow their searches by searching on two or more keywords in combination.

So, after you’ve written up your list of keywords, try to combine them into keyword phrases. Instead of Lexus or SC400, use Lexus SC400. Or Toyota Camry, Porsche 911 Turbo, BMW 540is, Toyota 4Runner SR5 4X4, etc.

Plurals And Longer Words

Always use the longer form of a word and then add an “S” at the end of it. In the exact words of Fred Marckini:

“In general, choose the longer form of a keyword. The reason is a concept called Word stemming. This can often pull in results that are not an exact match for what you searched for, but may be close or the same thing. When a search engine does use stemming or word stems, it means that searches for word roots will also include the variations of that word. For instance, searches for consult would also return documents that have the words consulting and consultants unless the user chooses to do an exact search.”

Also, most people usually search by using the plural of words (with an “s” at the end) – cars, automobiles, dealerships, etc.

Misspelled Keywords

Most people are poor spellers (myself included). Take advantage of this fact and include commonly misspelled keywords into your list. Also, when typing in keywords, many people are in such a hurry they accidentally hit the wrong vutton and nisspell words!

Your Location

Depending on what your product or service is, where you live may play a very important role in choosing additional keywords. For example, sticking with our car site, you may be located in the city of Van Nuys… which is located in Los Angeles County… which is located in the state of California.

All this matters because you’re going to have a very difficult time selling cars to people in Buffalo, New York! So, make sure you also brainstorm some keywords in regards to your state, city and even surrounding cities!

Avoid “Skip” or “Stop” Words

In order to speed up searches and save disk space, most search engines ignore common words (especially Internet-type words) like a, an, the, and, of, Internet, web, services, homepage, etc. These words are sometimes called “stop” or “skip” words because most search engines will “stop” indexing your page or “skip” that word in your title when indexing your site.

If your Web page contains one of these common “stop” words in areas where a robot spider looks for copy to index, the stop words may be “skipped” or ignored, possible effecting how you’re ranked on that search engine. Sometimes, your site may be placed in a wrong category.

For example, let’s say you want your site to be indexed as a “web advertiser”. Since “web” is a common word, many of the search engines will skip that word and index your site under advertising – not “web” advertising.

If you think one of your keywords may be a “stop” word, simply test it by going to AltaVista and typing it in. If nothing comes up or if millions of pages are registered, chances are you should find another word OR put that word in “quotes”.

Lower Case

One last note, some search engines are case-sensitive… so always keep your keywords in lower case letters. There are two reasons you should do this.

This first is that most people are typing in their keywords in lower case (unless they have “CAPS LOCK” on) and secondly, if they did happen to type in the words in upper case letters, the search engines will still find your lower case words and match them up – but not the other way around. (confused?…)

Example: if someone types in keyword “cars”, most search engines will pick up CARS, Cars and cars. But if keyword “CARS” was typed in, the search engine may only find a match for CARS, but not Cars or cars. Get it?… Good!

Testing Your Keywords

Now keep your list handy, visit all the major search engines and enter your keywords one by one to see what comes up in the search results list. Study a few of the top pages which will have a similar topic to yours, and see if there are any other good keywords/keyword phrases you could add to your list which you hadn’t thought of before.

Look at your competitors Title as well as their Description to find any new keywords. You could also look for these keywords by using your browsers “source code” for that Web page and taking a look at the META tags.

If you find any word that may be more targeted, simply write them down and add them to your list.

Find more ways to increase your online presence at ebooksone.net membership.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 20, 2008

The World Ending Soon?

Is the end of time near? It seems a lot of convincing evidence is coming forward these days that show us when the end of time may just happen. It isn’t a general prediction either, but you can see an actual year and date within that year. So on what date does the Earth end and life as we know it ceases to exist? The famous last days of our life may just happen in the year 2012. That isn’t too far away and gives us all a chance to see what will happen in that year. We will get a chance to enjoy the 2012 year because the end of time won’t occur until the end of 2012. We don’t get to see Christmas though and the last day of our existence (if true) would happen right before our Christmas Day celebrations. The world would end on December 21 in the year 2012 . That is the last day we may ever see things the same again and we have came up with this date by using the information left behind from the people that were enjoying life on this planet centuries ago. The last days are fascinating to think about and how different would you live your life if the last day on Earth was 12/21/2012?

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 19, 2008

What to avoid when putting together your site

This is fine. They want it to look good on their computer. I doubt if this type of web site is going to make them much money though. Let’s break this down into different sections to see how this would work.

JAVASCRIPT:
Of the 700 or so browsers and versions of browsers being used to surf the web today, some of them support javascript. For security reasons, unfounded or not, many surf with Javascript turned off. The most popular browsers, Netscape and Microsoft Internet Explorer, each one since version 2.0 of Netscape, has supported Javascript differently. This means what will work in one, will not necessarily work in both. If you are relying on information included in your Javascript to help sell your products or navigate your site, depending on what version of Javascript you use, you have just reduced your potential customers to about one-third of the Internet.
FLASH
Although great for animation and special effects, typical small file sizes can easily exceed 1 megabyte. The download of the Shockwave plugin, and waiting for the file to load means a potential customer may have to wait between 10 minutes to an hour to see your information. Oh, yes. I know many people who are still using the 14.4K modem. Chances are they will not stick around to view your information. Even if they were successful at the download, there are good chances that this will use up all of their system resources and crash their computer.
DHTML:
This is based on the fusion of Javascript and Cascading Stylesheets interacting with the Document Object Model (DOM). The popular browsers support different levels of Javascript, different variations in their support for (CCS) stylesheets, and maintain different standards for the Document Object Models. If your sales information relies on the user’s browser to interpret DHTML, you may only have 1-2 of the 700 browsers able to view your information.
ANIMATION:
Not only do animated .gif images distract your reader from your sales copy, they also create longer download times and reduce resources on your readers computer. They are very annoying, so if you feel you have to use them, be careful how you use them. Make your blog change and do not clutter it with useless animation.
JAVA:
Once again, only a handful of browsers support Java, and many of these users elect to have it turned off. Early editions of Windows 95 had a memory leak and memory allotted to display Java on web pages could not be recaptured without re-setting the computer. Others feel Java presents a potential security hazard, and refuse to enable it.

When I think of successful models of business sites on the web, it brings to mind images of Yahoo and Amazon.com. Before you build or have your web site built, you should visit these sites and see just how much of these technologies are being used by them. The onus is on you to be knowledgeable about problems that could affect your profit potential on the Web.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 15, 2008

Making your site user friendly

Part of your planning process should be deciding what you want to accomplish with your web site. Will you be using it for networking, obtaining new customers, for a local market, for a foreign market, public relations, advertising, and product support? If you already have a client base, it is a good idea to make your web site beneficial to these people. These are people who have dealt with you in the past and are more likely to purchase or use your services again and again. It is always easier to keep an old customer than get a new one. You can place special discounts and coupons on-line for past customers to help entice them to communicate with you and your web site via the Internet. It is far less expensive to send newsletters via e-mail than it is to send them by postal mail. Driving free traffic to your site will make or break your business.

Your web site can include programs to help you communicate and send newsletters. You can invite old customers to participate in surveys, and have a general message area where they can communicate and help other customers solve their problems.

Take your mailing list and send a letter to all past customers informing them of your new web site, and perhaps a free gift just for visiting. This will help migrate them to your web site, and help you to save money on mailing offers.

Make sure to include your new URL on all your business cards, stationary, products and anything else that leaves your office. You wil find more tips inside our library of eBooks that are available.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 11, 2008

Cow Tipping 101

It’s just like the title states. It’s about tipping over cows. If you have never heard of this, then you probably live in a city somewhere. People in the country are well aware of cow tipping. It’s similar to snipe hunting. If you never hunted for snipe, then I will have to take you some time. However, cow tipping is really easy to learn how to do. There’s just some key things you need to remember.

It’s not a daytime thing. You must do this at night, when the cows are sleeping. Most importantly, it’s cow tipping, and not bull tipping. Please be sure you know where the bull is, and don’t get near him in no way. He can spoil the whole night for you. A fun night of cow tipping with friends, can lead to the local hospital emergency room if you find the bull. So by all means stay away from the bull!

It doesn’t take a bunch of people to actually tip the cow over. It’s just more fun with a bunch of people. You have to be quiet though, cause a cow that is not sleeping, is not easily tipped over. Once you have sucessfully got to a cow that is sleeping, then just put both of your hands on the cow. Anywhere from the middle to the back will do. Only one person needs to put their hands on the cow. Now once you got your hands on the cow, then give it a good shove. The cow will tip right over. It’s now important to start running, cause other cows will hear the commotion and will come to see what’s going on. Especially the cow they call a bull. You don’t want to get stampeded, cause cows are very large animals that can hurt you.

So the next time your looking for a bit of fun. Look into cow tipping, and see if this looks like a thing for you. My friend from New York can’t believe things like this go on. She says the only thing they tip in New York is the cab drivers!

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 10, 2008

How to use Press releases to introduce your site

Now we begin one of the most important sections and topics, how to distribute your press release and who should and should not be receiving it. There are different ways of sending out your press release and in a minute, I’ll tell you the best system of all: the fastest and cheapest one!

How To Distribute Your Press Release

Once you’ve written your release, how do you get it into the hands of the media people?

There are two answers to that question. Are you sending out a release with immediate time value? By that I mean, if the media people get the information tomorrow or the day after, will it be old news? If so, fax it.

If your release will be of interest today, tomorrow and next week, you can mail it or fax it (I prefer to do both).

Telephoning The Media

Should you call the media contact the next day or a few days later to follow up on your release? Almost all of the books out there on getting publicity tell you that it’s vital that you follow up by phone. All I can tell you is what I do and what results my clients and I have gotten.

In all the years of receiving publicity for my clients and myself, I/we have never once followed up a mailing or faxing with phone calls. Why?

It’s very simple. I’m 100% convinced that follow-up calls are a tremendous waste of time and money. Let me give you an example.

Let’s say I fax out 100 press releases. The next day I start my follow-up phone calls. It takes an average of four telephone calls to finally make contact with the person you’re looking for. So, you have to make 400 phone calls to reach everyone you want. Let’s say that each call costs $1 and takes four minutes. That means I’m going to have to spend $400 and over 26 hours making these calls!

My friend, I have less than no interest in spending 26 hours on the phone tracking people down just to ask them if they got my press release.

And how about that $400? Well, a one page fax costs about 10 cents to fax after 5 PM. So, for $400 I could fax out another 4,000 releases!

There’s no contest in my mind. I’m not wasting time and money on the phone doing follow-ups. I’m going to use that time and money to fax or mail out more releases and then go to the gym.

I haven’t mentioned this yet, but I’m interested in doing as little work as possible with the biggest payoff possible. How about you?

I don’t want to spend hours and days on the phone or in front of my computer. I want to write a killer press release, load it into my fax software and let my computer do the work.

Even better, I want to spend a half hour or an hour writing a great release based on the formula I came up with, load the release into my fax software, go to bed and have my computer fax the release all around the country while I sleep.

Mailing A Press Release

I think it’s best to do both – fax and mail your press release. The advantage of a fax is that it’s cheaper, it’s faster (especially for time sensitive materials) and it’s less hassle.

The advantage of mailing in your press release is you can control the look of your press release (nice paper, add color, pictures or a brochure, etc.). You can also include a picture of yourself and/or the product and you can even include a sample of your product (if you’re doing a press release for a newsletter that you are starting, you can include a sample issue).

When using both methods, your chance of getting your press release read improves dramatically. It may end up costing you more time and money, but it’ll be well worth it.

Emailing Your Release

Because of the Internet and the popularity of email (almost everyone has an email address), the newest way to send out your press release is via an email.

This is ultra quick, totally free and you can test lots of different headlines and strategies in a matter of hours. But, emailing your press release should be your last resort.

It’s not very effective because most people, including publishers/editors, still receive a lot “spam” or junk emails. So, lots of emails get trashed and deleted before they are even read. One other draw back with sending an email release is that it’s very difficult to read plain text and this will turn off the editor (remember, your most important goal is to get your press release read).

But, you may want to send out an HTML press release which could be a sample release that you design for your site. People can actually click on the links in the HTML email that you send out and if you are selling a software program or something else interactive, the publisher can quickly check things out.

Emailing press releases is becoming more and more popular (and effective) as the months go by and people are becoming more comfortable with cyber space.

When it comes down to it all, use all the above methods for distributing your release and as always, test and be creative (but be a bit cautious as well!).

Another valuable little known “secret” for getting tons of free publicity is that…

BIG publicity opportunities often
come from
small publicity!

According to Dr. Paul Hartunian, THE BIGGIES — The Tonight Show, Letterman, Today, USA TODAY, National Enquirer, etc. — have staff members constantly scouring “little media” like small town newspapers, small town radio and TV shows, specialty magazines looking for the news, different or odd.

Now most people seeking publicity ignore all the “small” stuff.

Why bother with that, they ask? Who cares if some weekly newspaper in Podunk, Iowa, writes about me? What good is that?

They’re wrong.

Distribute your press release to all types of media – big and small. In fact, I’d recommend you start small and once you’re comfortable with all the new fame, fortune and new customers, graduate to bigger media.

It’s Easy, Cheap And Super Fast

New technology makes what was time-consuming and expensive suddenly fast, easy and cheap. In the “old” days, news releases had to be typeset, taken to a printer, then put in envelopes, the envelopes addressed, postage bought and put on, and schlepped down to the post office.

And, unfortunately, a lot of the news releases got screened out in the mailrooms and never got delivered into the hands of anybody who could do anything with them.

But new technology has changed all that.

First of all, there’s desktop publishing. You’ve probably got a PC or Mac and some kind of simple word processing software. Well, with that, you can sit down and create a professional, attention-commanding news release in minutes.

When the occasion demands it, it’s easy to personalize the individual releases. It’s also easy to store it all and make small changes easily and instantly.

Broadcast Faxing

One of the best tools you can use to make tons of cash is “broadcast fax”! This is perfect for the “publicity blitz.” I can show you how to fax a one page press release anywhere in the country for just 10 cents after 5 PM. That’s cheap! No envelope, no copying, no postage. Zap. 10 cents. It’s there in 30 seconds.

[Note: In some states "broadcast faxing" is illegal. As a precautionary disclaimer, please check with the individual state's regarding the legality of broadcast faxing.]

But what’s even more exciting (and profitable) is that it’s just as easy to fax 1,000 of them as it is to fax just one. No more work. You can “blast out” 100, 500 or 1,000 of the press releases to 100, 500 or 1,000 different contacts all at one time, instantly, with the push of a button or a phone call. You don’t even do the faxing — it’s done for you.

It’s instant. It’s easy. It’s dirt cheap.

Does it work?

A broadcast-faxed news release is what got publicity guru Dr. Paul Hartunian a two page article, in color, in Forbes Magazine.

If you bought two pages of advertising in Forbes, you would pay between $80,000 and $150,000.

Total cost10 lousy cents!

For $100, just $100, I — you — can conduct an instant publicity blitz to 700 selected media contacts.

This is a great, cheap way to “test” a new idea, story, product or pitch. This is a great way to respond to a very timely event, to link yourself to what’s going on in the news.

And, if only one out of the 100 contacts choose to do something with you, that’ll get you exposure (“advertising”) to thousands or tens of thousands or maybe hundreds of thousands of people… and bring lots of buyers running to you via your toll-free 800 number, recorded message, address or whatever. All for a hundred bucks.

Next, there’s fax-on-demand, recorded messages and the Internet. These, too, are great technologies you can use to get tons of free publicity. But you have to do it right and you’ve got to have the right “connections”, or the results will be disastrous and a total waste of your time. Find more great tips through our online membership where you will have access to countless quotes to get you started or give you the boost that you need.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Oct 7, 2008

An Island Called Palmyra

This is one of the most beautiful places on earth. It’s a tiny island that is located out in the middle of no where. Well, it’s actually somewhere, but no where near any other land masses. It’s located about 350 nautical miles north of the equator. It is about 120 miles northwestward of Washington Island, 200 miles northwest of Fanning Island, 33 miles southeastward of Kingdom Reef, and over 950 miles from Honolulu, Hawaii. So that should tell you that this tiny island located in the Pacific Ocean doesn’t have many nearby neighbors.

Now this remote island in the Pacific, got it’s name from an American Vessel. Palmyra was the name of a ship that Captain Swale was the head of. He made a landing on Palmyra on November 7th, 1802. He was seeking shelter, and found it on the tiny little island.

The island is basically untouched. There have been many things suggested to put on the small island. It’s been considered for a fish processing plant, a place to launch missles, an offshore bank, and even a big resort. However, nothing has been done to this place yet. It still thrives with nature, and vegetation all around the island. It has the 2nd largest population of red-footed boobies in the world. Only the Galapagos Islands have more.

Now even though it is officially listed as an island. Palmyra is actually an atoll. The difference between an island and an atoll, is that an atoll is formed by the growth of coral around the rim of an ancient ocean volcano that has sunk below the surface of the sea. The classic shape of an atoll is horseshoe or circular shape. You probably know of the most famous atoll of them all. It’s the Bikini Atoll, where the U.S. Navy tested nuclear weapons in the 1950’s.

Now many strange events is said to have occured on Palmyra Island. The most famous of these, was a double murder that occured in 1974. It has a book written about the true life double murder on Palmyra Island. The book is named And The Sea Will Tell and was written by Vincent Bugliosi. I have also seen a movie that comes on tv about this event. I’m not sure if the movie shares the same title of the book, but it usually comes on the Lifetime Channel. Be sure to check it out, if you have never seen the movie. Even though the movie deals with a double murder, you can still get glimpses of the beautiful island.

Popularity: unranked [?]

Switch to OCEAN Switch to EARTH